The brand names of rapid action insulin are Novo Log, Apidra, and Humalog, and their chemical names include insulin aspart, glulisine, and lispro respectively.

Short-term or short acting insulin is Humulin-R as brand name and the chemical name is insulin regular.

You can find intermediate acting insulin, of which the brand name is Humulin and the chemical name is insulin NPH.

The long acting insulin for diabetes can be Levemir, and Lantus as the brand names and the chemical names of these products are insulin detemir and glargine respectively.

The premixed rapid- and intermediate-acting insulin can be 70% intermediate acting (NPH) and 30% short-acting regular insulin, called 70/30 insulin. Similarly, the 50/50 insulin is 50% intermediate acting (NPH) and 50% short-acting regular insulin, the 75/25 insulin is 75% intermediate-acting and 25% rapid-acting Humalog (lispro), the Novo Log or 70/30 pre-mixed insulin is 70% intermediate-acting and 30% rapid-acting Novo Log (insulin aspart,) and this insulin is available.

Insulin is to treat type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. People who are suffering from type 2 diabetes and their pancreas produces little or no insulin or their oral medication does not work properly or does not control blood sugar can take insulin or can take along with oral medication. Due to major surgery and severe illness with high-level blood sugar, type 2 diabetics can stop taking insulin if the blood sugar level returns to the target level.

Women along with type 2 diabetes are pregnant or in breast feeding mode, they cannot keep their blood sugar levels within a target range with diet and exercise; only one oral diabetes medicine, glyburide has been studied and recommended for use during pregnancy. Unless the further research takes place, American Diabetes Association suggests that pregnant women and breast-feeding women do not take oral diabetes medicines.

Insulin is effective to reduce sugar levels. It helps blood sugar (glucose) enter the cells for energy consumption. The 10-year study reveals Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, DCCT and followed up Epidemiology of Diabetic Interventions and Complications, EDIC notice that people with type 1 diabetes can control the blood sugar levels within normal or near the normal range (tightly controlled therapy), and fewer incidence of eye, kidney or nerve damage from diabetes than standard therapy.

Tightly controlled therapy lowered the risks of heart disease and death. Another one study shows that insulin glargine (Lantus), is as effective as NPH insulin does control blood sugar of type 1 diabetics. Lantus can create fewer low blood sugar episodes than NPH2.

Side Effects - The major side effect of insulin can be a dangerously low blood sugar level (severe hypoglycemia). The very low blood sugar level can develop within 10 to 15 minutes with rapid acting insulin. Insulin can contribute to type 2 diabetes for weight gain.

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To define insulin broadly, it can be added that Insulin is a hormone, a central regulating and glucose metabolism in the body. Insulin helps cells in the liver; muscle and fat tissue take glucose from blood. It is stored in the liver and muscle as glycogen.

Insulin prevents to use fat as an energy source. When insulin is absent, body cell does not take glucose, and body resumes utilizing fat as an energy source. When Adipose Tissue transfers Lipids to the liver, it mobilizes as an energy source.

When control level of insulin fails, this failure will result diabetes mellitus. Thus, insulin is used to treat some forms of diabetes mellitus medically.

Type 1 diabetics depend on external insulin injecting subcutaneously to survive as because the system is not producing hormone no longer.

Type 2 diabetics are insulin resistant, this resistant perhaps suffer from insulin deficiency. It appears patients with Type 2 diabetes may eventually require insulin if other medications fail to control blood glucose levels at a certain extent although this is somewhat uncommon.

Insulin also influences other body functions including vascular compliance and cognition. Once insulin enters the human brain, it strengthens learning, memory and it particularly benefits verbal memory.

The functions of Insulin: Insulin regulates glucose metabolism and deals with stimulates lipogenesis, diminishes lipolysis, increasing amino acid transport into cells, modulation of transcription, altering the cell content of numerous mRNAs, growth stimulation, DNA synthesis and cell replication.

Therefore, the elaborated function of Insulin can be countering the concerted action of a number hyperglycemia generating hormones and maintaining low blood glucose levels. Because there are many hyperglycemia hormones, untreated disorders associated with insulin leading to severe hyperglycemia and shortened life span.

Moreover, the function of insulin is critical for having a healthy body. Pancreas produces insulin. Islet cells usually produce it. The pancreas behind the stomach is a vital organ. The pancreas produces all types of digestive enzymes and hormones that are designed to breakdown the food.

Insulin is considered for both a protein and a hormone. It is the regulating body to distribute the necessary amount of blood sugar requiring in each cell. When we eat, the food is converting into glucose. This is simply sugar. In addition, it is widely known as "blood sugar level".

Insulin regulates glucose metabolism, it also stimulates lipogenesis, diminishes lipolysis, and increases amino acid transportation into cells.

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